Computed Tomography (CT/CAT Scan)
A CT Scan (sometimes called a Cat Scan) uses special x-ray equipment to produce thin, transverse slices of the human body similar to slices of a loaf of bread. A CT Scan of the internal organs produces greater clarity than conventional x-ray exams. A CT Scan is commonly used to diagnose a Brain Tumor, Stroke, Pneumonia, Lung Cancer, Pulmonary Embolus, Pancreatitis, Lymphoma, Diverticulitis, Appendicitis and Kidney Stones among other things. A CT Scan can also be obtained in order to help guide a biopsy and also to plan radiation treatments for tumors.
How should I prepare for the CT scan?
You may be given a gown to wear during the procedure. All objects such as jewelry, eyeglasses and dentures should be removed prior to your exam. You should inform your physician if you have any allergies to contrast materials. Asthma, Diabetes, Kidney Disease and Heart Disease may increase the risk of an unusual adverse effect. Women should always inform their physician or technologist if there is any possibility that they are pregnant.
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How does a CT scan work?
With a CT Scan, a number of x-ray beams and a set of x-ray detectors rotate around you, measuring the amount of radiation being absorbed throughout your body. While this is happening, the exam table is moving through the scanner and a special computer program is used to create transverse, 2-dimensional images. Modern CT Scanners are very quick and can scan through large sections of the body in less than 1 minute.
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How is a CT scan performed?
The technologist will position you on the CT table. If contrast material is used, it may be swallowed or injected through an Intravenous line. You may be asked to hold your breath during the scan.
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What will I experience during a CT scan?
If Intravenous contrast material is used, you may feel a slight pin prick from the needle injection. Contrast given intravenously commonly gives rise to a warmth sensation and a metallic taste in your mouth. Occasionally, a patient can experience itching and hives which is an allergic reaction and is commonly relieved with medication such as Benadryl. If the contrast material is swallowed, the taste may be mildly unpleasant but all contrast is generally well tolerated by most patients.
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Who interprets the results and how do I get them?
The CT Scan will be interpreted by a Radiologist, a physician specially trained to analyze the images. The report of the CT Scan will be sent (via fax) to your referring physician. If necessary a set of images can be burned to a disc so the referring physician can review the images in the office.
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What are the benefits vs. the risks?
BENEFITS
Unlike MRI, a CT Scan can be performed if a patient has an implanted medical device of any kind. In emergency cases, a CT Scan can reveal the source of internal bleeding prior to taking the patient to the operating room. Unlike conventional x-rays, a CT Scan is able to image bones, soft tissue, and blood vessels all at the same time. For example, the ability to produce detailed images of the internal organs enables the Radiologist to diagnose a burst appendix or a ruptured diverticulum.
RISKS
Any exposure to radiation carries a slight risk of developing cancer later in life. The effective radiation dose from a modern CT Scan is about 10msv, which is equivalent to 3-years of average background radiation. In general, a CT Scan is not recommended for pregnant women. If circumstances warrant a CT Scan, the pelvis can be shielded. A nursing mother should wait approximately 24-hours after receiving intravenous contrast material before breast-feeding. A serious allergic reaction to contrast material containing iodine is possible but, extremely rare.
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